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Справочные издания

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Чернышев А. А. Российский парусный флот: Справочник: В 2 т. М.: Воен. издат., 1997.

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Список иллюстраций

Фронтиспис:

Иоганн Цоффани(?). Семья Чарльза, 9‑го лорда Каткарта. Пастель, ок. 1774 г. (Victoria and Albert Museum, London: https://collections.vam.ac.uk/item/O1069214/the-family-of-charles-schaw-pastel-johann-zoffany/?carousel-image=2006BB9797).

В тексте:

1. Страница дневника Джин Каткарт 1769 г. (NLS. MD. Acc. 12686/5. A-66).

2. Чарльз, 9‑й лорд Каткарт в 1753 г. Гравюра Джеймса Макардла (James McArdell) с портрета Джошуа Рейнольдса. 1770 г. (Yale Center for British Art, Paul Mellon Collection: https://collections.britishart.yale.edu/catalog/tms:38466).

3. Леди Джин Каткарт с дочерью Джейн в 1754 г. Гравюра Д. Макардла (?) с портрета Джошуа Рейнольдса. 1770 г. (?) (Yale Center for British Art, Paul Mellon Fund: https://collections.britishart.yale.edu/catalog/tms:21987).

4. Дэвид Аллан. Семья Каткартов за чтением в родовом имении Шо-Парк в 1765 г. Акварель, перо, чернила на бумаге. (Allan D. Charles Schaw, 9th Baron Cathcart, 1721–1776, His Wife, Jane Hamilton and Their Children, Jane, William, Mary, Charles, Louisa and Archibald. 1765. National Galleries of Scotland: https://www.nationalgalleries.org/art-and-artists/8332).

5. Профессор Университета Глазго Уильям Ричардсон в 1790‑е гг., гравюра Уильяма Ридли с неизвестного портрета. 1799 г. (изд.: Vernor & Hood, 31 Poultry. Из собрания Британского музея: https://www.britishmuseum.org/collection/object/P_1889-0409-331).

6. Леди Каткарт, посмертный портрет. Гравюра Франческо Бартолоццы с барельефа Мари-Анн Колло. 1772 г. (Yale Center for British Art, Paul Mellon Collection: https://collections.britishart.yale.edu/catalog/tms:40865).

7. Мэри Грэм, урожд. Каткарт в 1775 г. Литография Леопольда Фламенга с портрета Томаса Гейнсборо (Rijksmuseum. Amsterdam. https://www.rijksmuseum.nl/en/collection/object/Portret-van-mevrouw-Thomas-Graham–b54847dd47c6d062db37fe60d4c0b25b?tab=data).

8. Луиза, виконтесса Стормонт (урожд. Каткарт). Гравюра Джона Рафаэля Смита с портрета Джорджа Ромни. 1780 г. (Yale Center for British Art, Paul Mellon Collection: https://collections.britishart.yale.edu/catalog/tms:21844).

9. Уильям Шо Каткарт, 10‑й лорд Каткарт, 1‑й граф Каткарт. Гравюра Генри Мейера с портрета Джо Хопнера. 1807 г. (Yale Center for British Art, Paul Mellon Collection: https://collections.britishart.yale.edu/catalog/tms:25502)

10. Достопочтенный Чарльз Алан Каткарт. Гравюра Уильяма Шарпа с портрета Джорджа Ромни. 1791 г. (National Galleries of Scotland: https://www.nationalgalleries.org/art-and-artists/49253/honourable-charles-allan-cathcart-1759-1788-brother-1st-earl-cathcart).

11. Фрагмент аксонометрического плана квартала между улицами Гороховой, Большой Морской и набережной реки Мойки: Аксонометрический план Санкт-Петербурга 1765–1773 годов: план П. де Сент-Илера, И. Соколова, А. Горихвостова и др. / Сост. Т. П. Мазур. СПб., 2003.

12. Михаил Иванович Махаев. Дом канцлера Бестужева на Каменном острове. 1753 г. Фрагмент гравюры (Российская государственная библиотека. https://viewer.rsl.ru/ru/rsl01011901050?page=1&rotate=0&theme=white).

13. Джон Элфинстон, контр-адмирал на российской службе. Меццо-тинто Уильяма Дикенсона с портрета Роба Робертса. 1770–1780 гг. (?). (Австрийская национальная библиотека. https://digital.onb.ac.at/rep/osd/?11224293).

14. Гуляния в Санкт-Петербурге. Качели. Гравюра Степана Галактионова по рисунку С. М. Воробьева. Из кн.: Свиньин П. П. Достопамятности Санктпетербурга и его окрестностей: сочинение Павла Свиньина. СПб.: В типографии В. Плавильщикова, 1817. Тетр. 2 (фронтиспис).

15. Василий Федорович Тимм. Передвижение камня для памятника Петру Великому в присутствии императрицы Екатерины II 20 января 1770 года. Из «Русского художественно листка В. Ф. Тимма». 1862 г. (The New York Public Library. https://digitalcollections.nypl.org/items/aefe4750-c602-012f-951b-58d385a7bc34?canvasIndex=0).

Summary

This monograph by Professor Elena B. Smilianskaia (NRU-HSE) and Erofei Iu. Moriakov (National Historical Archive of Belarus) is dedicated to the study of Charles Cathcart’s diplomatic mission to Russia (1768–1772). The study of diplomatic correspondence, memoranda, and diaries produced by Charles Cathcart and his wife, who accompanied him to St. Petersburg, provides us with front-row access to the diplomatic and ceremonial protocols at court, the daily life in an ambassador’s residences, and the unique challenges facing major players in international politics. Through these documents, we can also glimpse the mechanisms of political decision-making in the court of Catherine II. Turning to the methods of microhistory allows as to use “small” phenomena and the particularities of the British ambassador’s diplomatic mission to the court of Catherine II to reveal the larger world of international relations in eighteenth-century Europe, and beyond. The Cathcart family archive, preserved in the National Library of Scotland, contains a rich, but so far underused, trove of materials about the life of the diplomat in Russia. The materials held in this archive, and above all the unpublished diaries of Charles Cathcart’s wife, Lady Jean Cathcart, prompted this inquiry into Cathcart’s diplomatic mission and the diplomatic culture of this epoch. The National Archives and the Archive of Foreign Policy of the Russian Empire (AVPRI) contain additional materials relating to their professional and private affairs, including the perlustration of correspondence sent by post.

In Chapter 1, “The Diplomatic Service of Lord Charles Cathcart: Goals, Tools, and Capabilities of an Ambassador,” we examine how the British ambassador addressed the main purpose of his mission: the preparation of a treaty of alliance between Britain and Russia. His task was made more difficult by the outbreak of the Russian-Ottoman war (1768–1774) and the preparations for the first partition of Poland in 1772. Cathcart, like his predecessors and successors, did not achieve this goal. However, this does not mean that we should consider Cathcart another failure in a line of British diplomats. The chapter shows how Cathcart used his position in the Russian court to collect and pass information about the state of affairs in Russia back to London. He informed his government about Catherine II and the statesmen around her, including how he obtained the empress’s favor. Through his dispatches we see how through both etiquette and ceremonial protocols the two powers expressed their friendship and regard for one another. The period of Cathcart’s mission to Russia marks a rare period of amicable relations between the two countries. This chapter also shows that the British ambassador faced limitations in addressing the aims set out for him: his diplomatic staff had only two or three members, one of whom was employed in enciphering documents; occasional correspondence arrived by courier, but most dispatches were sent by post, which was perlustrated; and, the ambassador was compelled to use his servants for the purposes of his mission, to pass correspondence with occasional visitors to the Russian capital, and to devise innovative ways to deliver his reports to receive his instructions from London.

In the second chapter, “A Source of Support or a Burden? Ambassador Cathcart’s Family,” we set out to